@inproceedings {Van2013, title = {Network Fingerprinting: TTL-Based Router Signature}, booktitle = {ACM/USENIX Internet Measurement Conference (IMC)}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {

Fingerprinting networking equipment has many potential applications and benefits\ in network management and security. More generally, it is useful for the\ understanding of network structures and their behaviors. In this paper, we\ describe a simple fingerprinting mechanism based on the initial TTL values used\ by routers to reply to various probing messages. We show that main classes
obtained using this simple mechanism are meaningful to distinguish routers\ platforms. Besides, it comes at a very low additional cost compared to standard\ active topology discovery measurements. As a proof of concept, we apply our\ method to gain more insight on the behavior of MPLS routers and to, thus, more\ accurately quantify their visible/invisible deployment.

}, keywords = {fingerprinting, initial TTL, MPLS router signature, network discovery}, doi = {10.1145/2504730.2504761}, author = {Yves Vanaubel and Jean-Jacques Pansiot and Pascal M{\'e}rindol and Benoit Donnet} } @inproceedings {Van2013a, title = {Network Fingerprinting: TTL-Based Router Signatures}, booktitle = {ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC)}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {

Fingerprinting networking equipment has many potential applications and benefits\ in network management and security. More generally, it is useful for the\ understanding of network structures and their behaviors. In this paper, we\ describe a simple fingerprinting mechanism based on the initial TTL values used\ by routers to reply to various probing messages. We show that main classes\ obtained using this simple mechanism are meaningful to distinguish routers
platforms. Besides, it comes at a very low additional cost compared to standard\ active topology discovery measurements. As a proof of concept, we apply our\ method to gain more insight on the behavior of MPLS routers and to, thus, more\ accurately quantify their visible/invisible deployment.

}, keywords = {fingerprinting, initial TTL, MPLS, network discovery, router signatures}, author = {Yves Vanaubel and Jean-Jacques Pansiot and Pascal M{\'e}rindol and Benoit Donnet} } @inproceedings {Det2013, title = {Revealing Middlebox Interference with Tracebox}, booktitle = {ACM/USENIX Internet Measurement Conference (IMC)}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, abstract = {

Middleboxes such as firewalls, NAT, proxies, or Deep Pack-et Inspection play an\ increasingly important role in various types of IP networks, including\ enterprise and cellular networks. Recent studies have shed the light on their\ impact on real traffic and the complexity of managing them. Network operators\ and researchers have few tools to understand the impact of those boxes on any
path. In this paper, we propose tracebox, an extension to the widely used\ traceroute tool, that is capable of detecting various types of middlebox\ interference over almost any path. \ tracebox sends IP packets containing TCP\ segments with different TTL values and analyses the packet encapsulated in the\ returned ICMP messages. Further, as recent routers quote, in the ICMP message,\ the entire IP packet that they received, tracebox is able to detect any\ modification performed by upstream middleboxes. In addition, tracebox can often\ pinpoint the network hop where the middlebox interference occurs. We evaluate\ tracebox with measurements performed on PlanetLab nodes. Our analysis reveals\ various types of middleboxes that were not expected on such an experimental\ testbed supposed to be connected to the Internet without any restriction.

}, keywords = {middlebox, network discovery, tracebox}, doi = {10.1145/2504730.2504757}, author = {Gregory Detal and Benjamin Hesmans and Olivier Bonaventure and Yves Vanaubel and Benoit Donnet} }